was close at hand

tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].

Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

tempus diei,

daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

extremum diei,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

matutina tempora,

morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

anni tempora,

the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

erat hibernum tempus anni,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—

Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

longo post tempore,

Verg. E. 1, 68:

magno post tempore,

Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

brevi post tempore,

id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

parvo post tempore,

Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

longis temporibus ante,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—

Transf., time, in general.

Lit.

In gen.:

tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

egeo tempore,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

unius horae tempus,

Liv. 44, 9, 4:

aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

Liv. 29, 5, 7:

triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

id. 38, 37, 10:

tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

ut tempora postulabant belli,

Liv. 24, 8, 7:

nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

id. 35, 28, 1:

temporibus Punici belli,

Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

id. Mil. 26, 69:

ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

id. 2, 32, 9:

privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

id. 3, 20, 4:

per idem tempus,

Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

committendi proelii,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

edendi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

curandi,

id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

Liv. 34, 33, 5:

datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

id certis temporibus futurum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

illis temporibus,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

temporibus illis,

id. Arch. 3, 6. —

In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

nunc occasio est et tempus,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

Sil. 11, 194:

consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

Liv. 8, 10, 1:

cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

verno inserentis tempus urguet,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

Cic. Top. 1, 5:

dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

conari etiam majora,

Liv. 6, 18, 12:

nunc corpora curare tempus est,

id. 21, 54, 2:

tibi abire,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

jam tempus agi res,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

tempus est jam hinc abire me,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

suo tempore,

at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—

tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

Cat. 61, 162. —

Transf.

The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

id. Planc. 32, 79:

tempori meo defuerunt,

my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6:

tempore summo rei publicae,

id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

Sall. C. 30, 5:

o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

Lucr. 1, 93:

indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

id. Clu. 50, 139:

tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

cedere temporibus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

Curt. 5, 3, 4.—

Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

tempora certa modique,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —

In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—

Adverb. phrases.

tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

temperi huic anteveni,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

temperi ego faxo scies,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

ut cenam coqueret temperi,

id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

tempore abest,

id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—

Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —

Ad tempus.

At the right or appointed time, in time:

ad tempus redire,

Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

ad tempus venire,

Liv. 38, 25:

ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—

For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

coli ad tempus,

id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

ad breve (sc. tempus),

Suet. Tib. 68. —

Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

ante tempus mori miserum esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

ante tempus domo digressus,

Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

sero post tempus venis,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—

Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

versus fundere ex tempore,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

id. Arch. 8, 18:

scribere,

Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—

According to circumstances:

expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—

In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

in tempore ad eam veni,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5, 2:

in tempore memorare,

Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —

In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

scena in tempus structa,

Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

in omne tempus,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—

Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

per tempus subvenistis mihi,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—

Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.

tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].

Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

tempus diei,

daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

extremum diei,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

matutina tempora,

morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

anni tempora,

the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

erat hibernum tempus anni,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—

Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

longo post tempore,

Verg. E. 1, 68:

magno post tempore,

Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

brevi post tempore,

id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

parvo post tempore,

Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

longis temporibus ante,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—

Transf., time, in general.

Lit.

In gen.:

tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

egeo tempore,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

unius horae tempus,

Liv. 44, 9, 4:

aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

Liv. 29, 5, 7:

triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

id. 38, 37, 10:

tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

ut tempora postulabant belli,

Liv. 24, 8, 7:

nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

id. 35, 28, 1:

temporibus Punici belli,

Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

id. Mil. 26, 69:

ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

id. 2, 32, 9:

privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

id. 3, 20, 4:

per idem tempus,

Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

committendi proelii,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

edendi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

curandi,

id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

Liv. 34, 33, 5:

datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

id certis temporibus futurum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

illis temporibus,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

temporibus illis,

id. Arch. 3, 6. —

In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

nunc occasio est et tempus,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

Sil. 11, 194:

consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

Liv. 8, 10, 1:

cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

verno inserentis tempus urguet,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

Cic. Top. 1, 5:

dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

conari etiam majora,

Liv. 6, 18, 12:

nunc corpora curare tempus est,

id. 21, 54, 2:

tibi abire,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

jam tempus agi res,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

tempus est jam hinc abire me,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

suo tempore,

at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—

tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

Cat. 61, 162. —

Transf.

The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

id. Planc. 32, 79:

tempori meo defuerunt,

my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6:

tempore summo rei publicae,

id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

Sall. C. 30, 5:

o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

Lucr. 1, 93:

indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

id. Clu. 50, 139:

tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

cedere temporibus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

Curt. 5, 3, 4.—

Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

tempora certa modique,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —

In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—

Adverb. phrases.

tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

temperi huic anteveni,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

temperi ego faxo scies,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

ut cenam coqueret temperi,

id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

tempore abest,

id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—

Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —

Ad tempus.

At the right or appointed time, in time:

ad tempus redire,

Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

ad tempus venire,

Liv. 38, 25:

ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—

For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

coli ad tempus,

id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

ad breve (sc. tempus),

Suet. Tib. 68. —

Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

ante tempus mori miserum esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

ante tempus domo digressus,

Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

sero post tempus venis,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—

Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

versus fundere ex tempore,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

id. Arch. 8, 18:

scribere,

Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—

According to circumstances:

expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—

In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

in tempore ad eam veni,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5, 2:

in tempore memorare,

Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —

In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

scena in tempus structa,

Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

in omne tempus,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—

Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

per tempus subvenistis mihi,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—

Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.

tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].

Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

tempus diei,

daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

extremum diei,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

matutina tempora,

morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

anni tempora,

the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

erat hibernum tempus anni,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—

Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

longo post tempore,

Verg. E. 1, 68:

magno post tempore,

Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

brevi post tempore,

id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

parvo post tempore,

Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

longis temporibus ante,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—

Transf., time, in general.

Lit.

In gen.:

tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

egeo tempore,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

unius horae tempus,

Liv. 44, 9, 4:

aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

Liv. 29, 5, 7:

triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

id. 38, 37, 10:

tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

ut tempora postulabant belli,

Liv. 24, 8, 7:

nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

id. 35, 28, 1:

temporibus Punici belli,

Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

id. Mil. 26, 69:

ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

id. 2, 32, 9:

privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

id. 3, 20, 4:

per idem tempus,

Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

committendi proelii,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

edendi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

curandi,

id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

Liv. 34, 33, 5:

datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

id certis temporibus futurum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

illis temporibus,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

temporibus illis,

id. Arch. 3, 6. —

In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

nunc occasio est et tempus,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

Sil. 11, 194:

consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

Liv. 8, 10, 1:

cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

verno inserentis tempus urguet,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

Cic. Top. 1, 5:

dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

conari etiam majora,

Liv. 6, 18, 12:

nunc corpora curare tempus est,

id. 21, 54, 2:

tibi abire,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

jam tempus agi res,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

tempus est jam hinc abire me,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

suo tempore,

at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—

tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

Cat. 61, 162. —

Transf.

The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

id. Planc. 32, 79:

tempori meo defuerunt,

my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6:

tempore summo rei publicae,

id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

Sall. C. 30, 5:

o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

Lucr. 1, 93:

indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

id. Clu. 50, 139:

tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

cedere temporibus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

Curt. 5, 3, 4.—

Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

tempora certa modique,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —

In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—

Adverb. phrases.

tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

temperi huic anteveni,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

temperi ego faxo scies,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

ut cenam coqueret temperi,

id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

tempore abest,

id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—

Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —

Ad tempus.

At the right or appointed time, in time:

ad tempus redire,

Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

ad tempus venire,

Liv. 38, 25:

ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—

For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

coli ad tempus,

id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

ad breve (sc. tempus),

Suet. Tib. 68. —

Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

ante tempus mori miserum esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

ante tempus domo digressus,

Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

sero post tempus venis,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—

Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

versus fundere ex tempore,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

id. Arch. 8, 18:

scribere,

Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—

According to circumstances:

expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—

In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

in tempore ad eam veni,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5, 2:

in tempore memorare,

Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —

In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

scena in tempus structa,

Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

in omne tempus,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—

Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

per tempus subvenistis mihi,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—

Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.

ăd-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cleave or stick to a thing.

Lit., of iron adhering to a magnet:

unus ubi ex uno dependet, subter adhaerens,

Lucr. 6, 914; cf. id. 3, 557: tota adhaerens (lingua) crocodilis, cleaving to his palate, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 171.—With in and abl.:

tela in tuis visceribus,

Cic. Vatin. 5, 13; so Ov. M. 4, 693.—With acc.:

cratera et corvus adhaeret,

Cic. Arat. 541 (so Tert.: humerum, de Pall. 5).—With abl.:

fronte cuspis,

Ov. M. 5, 38.—With dat., poet.:

tonsis (ovibus) illotus sudor,

Verg. G. 3, 443:

veteri craterae limus adhaesit,

Hor. Sat. 2, 4, 80;

and in later prose: navis ancoris,

is fastened to them, Tac. A. 2, 23:

stativis castris,

id. ib. 3, 21; and:

jumento,

to stick to, Gell. 20, 1.—

Fig.

In gen., to cling to, adhere to:

adhaesit homini ad intimum ventrem fames,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 83;

and of fawning adherence to one,

id. As. 1, 3, 59:

cui canis ex vero dictum cognomen adhaeret,

adheres, Hor. S. 2, 2, 56:

nulli fortunae adhaerebat animus, i. e. inconstans fuit,

Liv. 41, 20:

obsidioni fortiter adhaerentes,

Amm. 19, 3.—

Adhaerere alicui, to be close to a person or thing, to be near, to hang on, keep close to, etc. (mostly post-Cic., esp. in the histt.):

vineis modica silva adhaerebat,

was close to it, adjoined it, Tac. H. 2, 25; so Amm. 18, 2.—Of persons: procul abesse Romanos: lateri adhaerere gravem dominum, i. e. he (the King of Macedon) hangs on them, threatens them by his nearness, Liv. 39, 25:

nec umquam non adhaerentes,

and never departing from his side, Suet. Galb. 14:

comitem perpetuo alicui adhaerere,

Plin. 10, 22, 26, § 51:

tempus adhaerens,

the time in hand, just the present time, Quint. 5, 10, 46:

obvio quoque adhaerente,

while each one adhered to him, Suet. Oth. 6;

and so trop.: adhaeret altissimis invidia,

Vell. 1, 9.—

To hang on a thing, i. e. to trail or drag after, to be the last, sarcastically in Cic.: tenesne memoriā te extremum adhaesisse? hung on the end, i. e. extremo loco quaestorem esse factum, Vat. 5 (cf. haerere, Liv. 5, 2 fin., and Gron. ad h. l.);

and without sarcasm,

Curt. 10, 5, 19.

mănus, ūs (dat. manu for manui:

alternae manu,

Prop. 1, 11, 12; 2, 1, 60), f. [root man-, ma-, to measure; Sanscr. ma, measure, moon; cf. Germ. Mond, moon, and O. H. Germ. mund, hand; Angl.-Sax. mund], a hand.

Lit.:

quam vero aptas, quamque multarum artium ministras manus natura homini dedit!

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:

vas in manus sumere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

Epicurum in manus sumere, i. e. scripta Epicuri,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:

pyxidem in manu tenere,

id. Cael. 26, 63:

manum porrigere ad tradendum aliquid,

id. ib.:

de manibus deponere,

to lay out of one's hands, lay down, id. Ac. 1, 1, 2. ponere, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

extorquere,

to wrest from one's hands, id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

e manibus dimittere,

to let go out of one's hands, id. Or. 30, 105: manum ad os apponere, i. e. to lay the finger on the lips in token of secrecy, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4: alicui in manu esse, to be obvious, clear:

neque mihi in manu Jugurtha qualis foret,

Sall. J. 14, 4:

(feminas) in manu esse parentium, fratrum, virorum,

subject to, Liv. 34, 2, 11; cf.:

minus filiae uxores sorores quibusdam in manu erunt,

id. 34, 7, 11: in manibus esse, to be in everybody's hands, to be well known:

est in manibus oratio,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

est in manibus laudatio,

id. Sen. 4, 12; id. Brut. 33, 125.—Also, to be near:

hostes sunt in manibus,

near to us, close by us, upon us, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 7; also, to be present: attendere, quae in manibus sunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 1; Verg. A. 10, 280: in manibus habere, to have in hand, to be engaged on a thing:

omnia, quae in manibus habebam, abjeci,

Cic. Att. 13, 47, 1:

habeo opus magnum in manibus,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus, in eam, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Cael. 27, 65:

milites bellum illud, quod erat in manibus, reliquisse,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:

dum occasio in manibus esset,

Liv. 7, 36, 10:

inimicorum in manibus mortuus est,

among, Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

manu tenere,

to know for certain, id. Brut. 80, 277.— Pass.:

manibus teneri,

to be certain, evident, Cic. Sest. 32, 69: habere in manibus, to fondle, caress, make much of:

sic in manibus (inimicum meum) habebant, sic fovebant, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

in manus venire,

to come to hand, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 1:

proelium in manibus facere,

to fight at close quarters, Sall. J. 57, 4:

ad manum habere,

to have at hand, have in readiness, Quint. 12, 5, 1:

ad manum esse,

at hand, in hand, near, Liv. 9, 19: ad manum venire or accedere, to come hand to hand, come to close quarters:

nonnumquam etiam res ad manus, atque ad pugnam veniebat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30:

ut venere in manus,

Tac. A. 2, 80:

ut ventum in manus,

id. H. 4, 71:

adire manum alicui, v. 1. adeo: ad manum intueri aliquid,

at hand, close by, hard by, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97:

prae manu or manibus,

at hand, in readiness, in hand, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 10; App. M. 6, p. 180, 32; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23; Gell. 19, 8:

quem servum ille habuit ad manum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225:

servus a manu,

i. e. a scribe, secretary, Suet. Caes. 74:

de manu dare,

to give with one's own hand, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37: de manu in manum quippiam tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, i. e. with great care, Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: manum ferulae subducere, to take the hand from the rod, i. e. to be too old for the rod, Juv. 1, 15: e manu (for eminus; opp. cominus), from a distance: quae mea cominus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 212 Vahl.): plenā manu, with a full or plentiful hand, bountifully, liberally:

plenā manu dare,

abundantly, Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 2; id. Ep. 120, 10; id. ad Polyb. 9, 7;

so trop.: Hortalus, quam plenā manu nostras laudes in astra sustulit,

Cic. Att. 2, 25, 1; so,

plenis manibus pecuniam largiri,

Lact. 3, 16, 15; cf.:

quemquam vacuis a se manibus abire pati,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 14, 5: manibus pedibusque aliquid facere (Greek pux kai lax), with hands and feet, i. e. with all one's power, with might and main, Ter. And. 1, 1, 134:

per manus,

with the hands, Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

per manus servulae,

by her assistance, Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3: per manus tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, from mouth to mouth, to hand down from father to son:

traditae per manus religiones,

Liv. 5, 51: per manus, also, by force, by main force, forcibly:

per manus libertatem retinere,

Sall. J. 31, 22: inter manus, in one's hands, under one's hands:

agger inter manus proferebatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2:

villa crescit inter manus,

Sen. Ep. 12, 1:

nihil adhuc inter manus habui cui majorem sollicitudinem praestare deberem,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 2:

scripta quae inter manus habes,

are occupied with, id. ib. 5, 5, 7.— Trop., palpable, evident:

ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras,

Verg. A. 11, 311; cf.:

manus inter parentum,

id. ib. 2, 681: inter manus, also, in one's hands, in one's arms:

abripite hunc intro actutum inter manus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 38:

e convivio auferri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28: sub manu and sub manum, at hand, near, readily, immediately, on the instant: Vocontii sub manu ut essent, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2:

quo celerius, ac sub manum annuntiari cognoscique posset, quid in provincia quāque gereretur, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 49; Sen. Ep. 71, 1: sub manus succedere, according to one's wish, [p. 1112] Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59: alicujus manu esse, to be from or by one's hand:

epistulae quae quidem erant tua manu,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf. id. ib. 8, 13, 1 (cf. II. C. infra): manu, with the hand, by hand, i. e. artificially, opp. to naturally, by nature: manu sata, i. e. by the hand of man, opp. to what grows wild. Caes. B. C. 3, 44:

urbs manu munitissima,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

quaedam ingenia manu, quod aiunt, facienda sunt,

Sen. Ep. 52, 1:

quidam et liberos ejurent et orbitatem manu faciant,

id. ad Marc. 19, 2: morbi, quos manu fecimus, i. e. which we produce by our own fault (e. g. by intemperance), Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 3: oratio manu facta, artificial, elaborate, opp. to natural, simple, id. Ep. 115, 2: manu mederi, to be a surgeon, Cels. praef. 1: manibus aequis or manu aequā, with equal advantage:

manibus aequis abscessum est,

Tac. A. 1, 63:

aequā manu discedere,

to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39, 4: manus afferre, to lay hands on; trop., to destroy or weaken:

qui diutius torqueri patitur, quem protinus potest liberare, beneficio suo manus affert,

Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 3:

manum inicere alicui,

to lay the hand on one, to detain, arrest him, Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48: manum dare, to give or lend a hand, to help, assist, Quint. 2, 3, 7: manus dare or dedere, to give the hands to be bound; hence, in gen., to give up, yield, surrender:

perpende, et, si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

Lucr. 2, 1043:

fateor, manus vobis do,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72:

donicum aut certe vicissent, aut victi manum dedissent,

Nep. Ham. 1; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 31; Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2; Ov. H. 4, 14; 17, 260; Verg. A. 11, 568; Lact. 5, 1, 3:

brevi manu,

immediately, without delay, Dig. 23, 3, 43, § 1:

longā manu,

slowly, tediously, ib. 46, 3, 79: manum tollere, to raise the hand in token of an intention to yield, to yield, submit: cedo et tollo manum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 28: manus tollere, to raise the hands in token of admiration or astonishment, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63: manus tendere ad aliquem, less freq. alicui, to stretch out the hands to one to implore assistance, Caes. B. G. 2, 13; Cic. Font. 17, 38:

quae Romanis manus tendebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 48:

dextram Italiae,

Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9:

manu sternere aliquem,

with the sword, Verg. A. 9, 702: utrāque manu, with both hands, i. e. willingly, readily, Mart. 1, 16, 9:

manus manum lavat,

one hand washes the other, one helps the other, Sen. Apoc. 9 fin.; Petr. c. 45, 13; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80: manum non vertere, not to turn the hand, prov. for to take no pains, make no effort:

qui se fatentur virtutis causā ne manum quidem versuros fuisse,

Cic. Fin. 5, 31, 93; cf. App. Mag. p. 311.

Transf.

The hand as the instrument used in fight; hence, personal valor, bravery:

ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86:

manu fortissimus,

Liv. 39, 40:

manu fortis,

Nep. Dat. 1, 3:

manu vincere,

Ov. M. 1, 448:

manu capere urbes,

by force of arms, Sall. J. 5, 5:

manum committere Teucris,

to fight, Verg. A. 12, 60; so,

conserere manum,

Liv. 21, 39; 25, 11; 27, 33:

conferre manum,

Liv. 10, 43; Verg. A. 12, 345:

in proelia Ferre manum,

id. ib. 5, 403; cf.:

et vice teli saevit nuda manus,

Juv. 15, 54.—

Force, violence, fighting, close combat:

res venit ad manus atque ad pugnam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

venire ad manum,

Liv. 2, 30:

accedere ad manum,

Nep. Eum. 5:

in manus venire,

to come to an engagement, come to close quarters, Sall. J. 89, 2:

pugna jam ad manus venerat,

Liv. 2, 46:

non manu, neque vi,

force, violence, Sall. J. 31, 18; so Tac. Agr. 9.—

Of the hand of an artist:

manus extrema non accessit ejus operibus,

the last hand, the finishing touch, Cic. Brut. 33, 126: aptius a summā conspiciare manu, when you have given yourself the finishing touch, i. e. have completed your toilet, Ov. A. A. 3, 225:

carmen nondum recepit ultimam manum,

has not yet received the last polish, Petr. 118.—Hence, extremam bello Imponere manum, to put the finishing hand to the war, to bring it to a close, Verg. A. 7, 573.—Prov.: manum de tabula, lit., the hand from the picture, i. e. enough, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1.—

A hand, handwriting; in gen., work, workmanship:

librarii manus,

Cic. Att. 8, 13, 1: Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, id. ib. 7, 2, 3:

manum suam cognovit,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 12:

propter emissam ab eis manum,

Dig. 22, 3, 15:

Praxitelis manus, Scopaeque,

Mart. 4, 39, 3:

artificum,

Verg. A. 1, 455.—

For pars, a side:

est ad hanc manum sacellum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 37:

a laeva conspicienda manu,

Ov. A. A. 3, 307. —

In throwing dice, a stake: quas manus remisi, to throw up the stakes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71.—

In fencing, a thrust, hit, blow:

rectae, aversae, tectaeque manus,

Quint. 9, 1, 20:

prima, secunda, tertia, quarta,

the prime, second, tierce, quart, id. 5, 13, 54.—

The trunk of an elephant:

manus etiam data elephantis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120; Curt. 8, 14, 27; Sil. 9, 628.—

The fore-paws of bears, Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130.—

The branches on a tree:

(platanus) cui lnnumerae manus,

Stat. S. 2, 3, 39:

fraxineae,

Pall. Insit. 60.—

In milit. lang.: ferreae manus, iron hooks with which an enemy's ship was grappled, grappling-irons:

manus ferreas atque harpagones paraverant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57:

in advenientes hostium naves ferreas manus inicere,

Liv. 36, 44 fin.:

manus ferreas excogitare,

Front. Strat. 2, 3, 24; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 209; Curt. 4, 9, 2; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 38; Luc. 3, 635.—

Also milit., an armed force, corps of soldiers:

si nova manus cum veteribus copiis se conjunxisset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 37:

magnam manum conducere,

id. ib. 5, 27:

Hasdrubalem propediem affore cum manu haudquaquam contemnenda,

Liv. 30, 7 fin.; id. 44, 27.—

Beyond the milit. sphere, in gen., a body, host, number, company, multitude:

Romam veniet cum magna manu,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 6:

evocatorum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 3:

manus ad Quirinalia paratur,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 4; cf.:

manum facere, copias parare,

id. Caecin. 12, 33:

manus bonorum,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

Judaeorum,

id. Fl. 28, 66:

conjuratorum,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 12:

bicorpor,

i. e. the Centaurs, id. Tusc. 2, 9, 22:

purpuratorum et satellitum,

Liv. 42, 51:

magna clientium,

Suet. Tib. 1:

comitum,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 262:

juvenum,

Verg. A. 6, 5.—

Labor, hands, i. e. workmen:

nos aera, manus, navalia demus,

Verg. A. 11, 329:

quale manus addunt ebori decus,

id. ib. 1, 592.—

Power:

haec non sunt in nostra manu,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3; cf.: in tua manu est, it rests with you, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

juxta deos in tua manu positum est,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

victoria in manu nobis est,

depends on, Sall. C. 20, 10:

in vostra manu situm,

id. J. 31; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 43:

in manu esse mihi,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 67. —

In partic., in jurid. lang., the legal power of a husband over his wife, the manus:

in potestate quidem et masculi et feminae esse solent: in manum autem feminae tantum conveniunt. Olim itaque tribus modis in manum conveniebant: usu, farreo, coëmptione, etc.,

Gai. Inst. 1, 108 sq.; Cic. Fl. 34, 84 al.—

Law t. t., manūs injectio, i. e. an arrest: per manus injectionem agebatur, Gai Inst. 4, 21: ob eam rem ego tibi sestertium X. milium judicati manus inicio, Vet. Form. ap. Gai. ib.

mānus, i. q. bonus, Varr. L. L. 6, 2, 4; Macr. S. 1, 3, 13; Isid. 5, 30, 14; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 139; 2, 286; v. ‡ cerus manus.

ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].

As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.

In space.

Direction toward, to, toward, and first,

Horizontally:

fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—

In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 188:

altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—

Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.

The point or goal at which any thing arrives.

Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,

With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

ad Sullam adire,

id. ib. 25:

ad se adferre,

id. Verr. 4, 50:

reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

id. ib. 5, 27:

ad laborem adhortantur,

id. de Sen. 14:

T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—

Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

oratus sum venire ad te huc,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

eamus ad me,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—

Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

in aedem Veneris,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

in aedem Concordiae,

Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

ad Opis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

ad Castoris,

id. Quint. 17:

ad Juturnae,

id. Clu. 101:

ad Vestae,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—

With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

postea ad pistores dabo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

id. ib. 5, 3:

velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

quae institueram, ad te mittam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —

With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

ad Veios,

Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

or when it is joined with usque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—

With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

ipse ad hostem vehitur,

Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

aliquem ad hostem ducere,

Tac. A. 2, 52:

clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

munio me ad haec tempora,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

Cic. Off. 3, 24:

remedium ad tertianam,

Petr. Sat. 18:

munimen ad imbris,

Verg. G. 2, 352:

farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—

The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—

The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

Curt. 3, 9, 10:

laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

vestis ad Seras peti,

id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

deverberasse usque ad necem,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

virgis ad necem caedi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.

Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

astiterunt ad januam,

Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

non adest ad exercitum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

aderant ad spectaculum istud,

Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

Lucr. 3, 959:

quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

haec arma habere ad manum,

Quint. 12, 5, 1:

dominum esse ad villam,

Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

errantem ad flumina,

Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

conchas ad Caietam legunt,

id. Or. 2, 6:

ad forum esse,

to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

ad dextram,

Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

ad laevam,

Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

ad dextram... ad laevam,

Liv. 40, 6;

and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.

In time, analogous to the relations given in A.

Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

domum reductus ad vesperum,

toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—

The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

ad multam noctem,

Cic. de Sen. 14:

Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8:

usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—

Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

nostra ad diem dictam fient,

id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

ad id tempus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.

The relations of number.

An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

quasi ad quadraginta minas,

as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

ad hominum milia decem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

id. B. C. 3, 53:

ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—

The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

quid ad denarium solveretur,

Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

Cic. Lael. 23:

ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

Verg. A. 5, 687.

In the manifold relations of one object to another.

That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.

With verbs:

ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

nil est ad nos,

is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

nil ad me attinet,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

nihil ad rem pertinet,

Cic. Caecin. 58;

and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

Quid ad praetorem?

id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—

With adjectives:

ad has res perspicax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

virum ad cetera egregium,

Liv. 37, 7, 15:

auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

difficilis (res) ad credendum,

Lucr. 2, 1027:

ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—

With nouns:

prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

mentis ad omnia caecitas,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

ad cetera paene gemelli,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

Cic. Font. 6;

facultas ad agendum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—

In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—

With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

Cic. Mur. 77:

taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

ad amussim non est numerus,

Varr. 2, 1, 26:

ad imaginem facere,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

ad cursus lunae describit annum,

Liv. 1, 19:

omnia ad diem facta sunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

ad aequos flexus,

at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

turres ad altitudiem valli,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

id. 44, 11:

ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

Suet. Ner. 31:

lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

canere ad tibiam,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

in numerum ludere,

Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

ad unguem factus homo,

a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

ad istorum normam sapientes,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

ad simulacrum,

Liv. 40, 6:

ad Punica ingenia,

id. 21, 22:

ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

omnia fient ad verum,

Juv. 6, 324:

quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

ad hunc modum institutus est,

id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

ad eundem istunc modum,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

Lucr. 2, 281:

ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

id. Rab. Post. 21:

aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26:

rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

id. Font. 36:

ad vulgi opinionem,

id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

ad instar castrorum,

Just. 36, 3, 2:

scoparum,

App. M. 9, p. 232:

speculi,

id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

ad navis feratur,

like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

ad specus angustiac vallium,

like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,

With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.

The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

Lucr. 3, 144:

ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—

The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,

is done,

is designed, or,

is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.

Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

venimus coctum ad nuptias,

in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

Sall. C. 13, 4:

ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—

Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

(in the same sense: in rem,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

ad frena leones,

Verg. A. 10, 253:

delecto ad naves milite,

marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

servos ad remum,

rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

servos ad militiam emendos,

id. 22, 61, 2:

comparasti ad lecticam homines,

Cat. 10, 16:

Lygdamus ad cyathos,

Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

puer ad cyathum statuetur,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—

Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

causa ad objurgandum,

id. And. 1, 1, 123:

argumentum ad scribendum,

Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

Cato R. R. 125:

nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

Cic. Brut. 24:

reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

homo ad nullam rem utilis,

id. Off. 3, 6:

ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—

Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

terra ad universi caeli complexum,

compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

Liv. 22, 22, 15:

at nihil ad nostram hanc,

nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.

Adverbial phrases with ad.

Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

Liv. 35, 32, 4.—

Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—

Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—

Ad tempus.

At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—

At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—

For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—

According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—

Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).

For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—

At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—

Ad locum, on the spot:

ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

Liv. 27, 27, 2.—

Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—

Ad summam.

On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—

In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —

Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.

At the end, finally, at last.

Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

Liv. 21, 8, 10.—

Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,

of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—

In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

id. 28, 28, 8.—

Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—

Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.

Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—

Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

quam ad,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

ripam ad Araxis,

Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

id. ib. 12, 8.—

The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).

In composition.

Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—

Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.

Local.

To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—

At, by: astare, adesse.—

On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—

Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—

Fig.

To: adjudico, adsentior.—

At or on: admiror, adludo.—

Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—

Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—

Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—

Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

con-sĕro, sēvi, sĭtum or sătum, 3, v. a. ( perf. conseruerit, Col. 3, 4, 2; Aur. Vict. Epit. 37, 3; Dig. 6, 1, 38; v. 1. sero).

To sow or plant with something (class.).

Lit.:

agros,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130; Verg. E. 1, 73; Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Dig. 7, 1, 9, § 6; cf.:

ager diligenter consitus,

Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

ager arbustis consitus,

Sall. J. 53, 1; and:

consitus an incultus (locus),

Quint. 5, 10, 37:

Ismara Baccho (i. e. vino),

Verg. G. 2, 38:

vineam malleolo,

Col. 5, 5, 6:

arva frumento,

Curt. 7, 4, 26.— Absol.:

in alieno fundo,

Dig. 6, 1, 38:

in alienum fundum,

ib. 41, 1, 9.—

Transf.:

arva mūliebria (Venus),

Lucr. 4, 1107; cf. Sol. 9 fin. —Hence, conserentes dii, who preside over generation, Arn. 5, 169.—

Transf., of columns, to plant, set:

aera (rostra) columnis consita,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 49.—

Trop.:

(sol) lumine conserit arva,

strews, fills, Lucr. 2, 211: consitus sum Senectute, * Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 4: caeca mentem caligine Theseus consitus, * Cat. 64, 208.—

To sow, plant:

olivetum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

hoc genus oleae,

Cato, R. R. 6, 1:

arborem,

Liv. 10, 24, 5; Curt. 6, 5, 14; 7, 2, 22:

zizyphum,

Pall. Apr. 4:

palmas,

id. Oct. 12:

(vitem) Narbonicam,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 43; Cato ap. Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 46.—

Transf. (cf. I. B. supra): extra vallum stili caeci, mirabilem in modum consiti, set, Auct. B. Afr. 31.

con-sĕro, sĕrŭi, sertum, 3 ( perf. consevisti, Fronto, Ep. ad Ver. 8), v. a., to connect, entwine, tie, join, fit, bind into a whole (syn.: conecto, conjungo, contexo, etc.; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the signif. II. B., and in the histt.).

In gen.

Lit.

With acc. with or without abl.:

lorica conserta hamis auroque,

Verg. A. 3, 467; cf.:

tegumen spinis,

id. ib. 3, 594 (illigatum spinis, Serv.); cf. Tac. G. 17: monile margaritis gemmisque, * Suet. Galb. 18:

vincula, quīs conserta erant vehicula,

Curt. 9, 1, 17; cf.:

conserta navigia,

entangled, id. 4, 3, 18:

scutis super capita consertis,

overlapping, id. 5, 3, 23:

rudis arbor conseritur (for navigating),

Luc. 3, 512; cf. id. 4, 136.—

With acc. and dat.:

alium (truncum) alii quasi nexu conserunt,

Curt. 6, 5, 15.—

Trop.:

quid juvat nocti conseruisse diem?

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 10:

exodia conserta fabellis Atellanis,

Liv. 7, 2, 11;

v. exodium: virtutes consertae et inter se cohaerentes,

Sen. Ep. 90, 3: ita ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est, * Quint. 5, 10, 71:

sermonem,

to interchange words, converse, Curt. 8, 12, 5; Fronto l. l.—

In partic.

To join, connect, unite together:

teneros sinus,

Tib. 1, 8, 36:

femur femori,

id. 1, 8, 26; cf.:

latus lateri,

Ov. H. 2, 58.—

Esp., to unite in hostility, for contest, to bring together; so most freq. manum or manus, to engage in close combat, to join hand to hand, to join battle:

signa contulit, manum conseruit, magnas copias hostium fudit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3; Sall. J. 50, 4; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Ages. 3, 6; Liv. 21, 41, 4 al.:

manum cum hoste,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1; Nep. Hann. 4, 2:

manus inter se,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch; Liv. 7, 40, 14; Ov. H. 12, 100:

manus cum imparibus,

Liv. 6, 12, 8:

cum hoste manus,

id. 21, 39, 3:

consertis deinde manibus,

id. 1, 25, 5:

dextras,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 60:

pugnam,

Liv. 21, 50, 1; cf. id. 21, 8, 7; Tac. A. 2, 10:

pugnam inter se,

Liv. 32, 10, 8:

pugnam seni,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 43:

proelia,

Verg. A. 2, 398; Liv. 5, 36, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 12:

certamen,

Liv. 35, 4, 2:

bella,

Val. Fl. 3, 31:

bella bellis,

Luc. 2, 442:

acies,

Sil. 1, 339; cf.:

conserta acies,

hand-to-hand fighting, Tac. A. 6, 35.— Mid.:

navis conseritur,

enters the fight, Liv. 21, 50, 3:

duo acerrimā pugnā conserti exercitus,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 1.—Rarely absol.:

levis armatura ab lateribus cum levi armaturā,

Liv. 44, 4, 6.—

Trop.:

haud ignotas belli artes inter se conserebant,

Liv. 21, 1, 2.—

Transf., of judicial controversy: manum in jure or ex jure conserere, to make a joint seizure (this was done by the litigant parties laying hands at the same time upon the thing in dispute, each one claiming it as his own): si qui in jure manum conserunt, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 7: non ex jure manum consertum sed mage ferro rem repetunt, Enn. ib. § 4 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.); cf. also Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll., and Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2: ibi ego te ex jure manum consertum voco, etc., I summon you in an action for possession, etc., a judic. formula in Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41.—Hence, * con-sertē, adv., from consertus, a, um (acc. to I. A.), not used as P. a., as if bound or fastened together, in connection:

omnia necesse est conligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

con-sĕro, sēvi, sĭtum or sătum, 3, v. a. ( perf. conseruerit, Col. 3, 4, 2; Aur. Vict. Epit. 37, 3; Dig. 6, 1, 38; v. 1. sero).

To sow or plant with something (class.).

Lit.:

agros,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130; Verg. E. 1, 73; Cato, R. R. 6, 1; Dig. 7, 1, 9, § 6; cf.:

ager diligenter consitus,

Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

ager arbustis consitus,

Sall. J. 53, 1; and:

consitus an incultus (locus),

Quint. 5, 10, 37:

Ismara Baccho (i. e. vino),

Verg. G. 2, 38:

vineam malleolo,

Col. 5, 5, 6:

arva frumento,

Curt. 7, 4, 26.— Absol.:

in alieno fundo,

Dig. 6, 1, 38:

in alienum fundum,

ib. 41, 1, 9.—

Transf.:

arva mūliebria (Venus),

Lucr. 4, 1107; cf. Sol. 9 fin. —Hence, conserentes dii, who preside over generation, Arn. 5, 169.—

Transf., of columns, to plant, set:

aera (rostra) columnis consita,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 49.—

Trop.:

(sol) lumine conserit arva,

strews, fills, Lucr. 2, 211: consitus sum Senectute, * Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 4: caeca mentem caligine Theseus consitus, * Cat. 64, 208.—

To sow, plant:

olivetum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24:

hoc genus oleae,

Cato, R. R. 6, 1:

arborem,

Liv. 10, 24, 5; Curt. 6, 5, 14; 7, 2, 22:

zizyphum,

Pall. Apr. 4:

palmas,

id. Oct. 12:

(vitem) Narbonicam,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 43; Cato ap. Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 46.—

Transf. (cf. I. B. supra): extra vallum stili caeci, mirabilem in modum consiti, set, Auct. B. Afr. 31.

con-sĕro, sĕrŭi, sertum, 3 ( perf. consevisti, Fronto, Ep. ad Ver. 8), v. a., to connect, entwine, tie, join, fit, bind into a whole (syn.: conecto, conjungo, contexo, etc.; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the signif. II. B., and in the histt.).

In gen.

Lit.

With acc. with or without abl.:

lorica conserta hamis auroque,

Verg. A. 3, 467; cf.:

tegumen spinis,

id. ib. 3, 594 (illigatum spinis, Serv.); cf. Tac. G. 17: monile margaritis gemmisque, * Suet. Galb. 18:

vincula, quīs conserta erant vehicula,

Curt. 9, 1, 17; cf.:

conserta navigia,

entangled, id. 4, 3, 18:

scutis super capita consertis,

overlapping, id. 5, 3, 23:

rudis arbor conseritur (for navigating),

Luc. 3, 512; cf. id. 4, 136.—

With acc. and dat.:

alium (truncum) alii quasi nexu conserunt,

Curt. 6, 5, 15.—

Trop.:

quid juvat nocti conseruisse diem?

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 10:

exodia conserta fabellis Atellanis,

Liv. 7, 2, 11;

v. exodium: virtutes consertae et inter se cohaerentes,

Sen. Ep. 90, 3: ita ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est, * Quint. 5, 10, 71:

sermonem,

to interchange words, converse, Curt. 8, 12, 5; Fronto l. l.—

In partic.

To join, connect, unite together:

teneros sinus,

Tib. 1, 8, 36:

femur femori,

id. 1, 8, 26; cf.:

latus lateri,

Ov. H. 2, 58.—

Esp., to unite in hostility, for contest, to bring together; so most freq. manum or manus, to engage in close combat, to join hand to hand, to join battle:

signa contulit, manum conseruit, magnas copias hostium fudit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3; Sall. J. 50, 4; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Ages. 3, 6; Liv. 21, 41, 4 al.:

manum cum hoste,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Att. 7, 20, 1; Nep. Hann. 4, 2:

manus inter se,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch; Liv. 7, 40, 14; Ov. H. 12, 100:

manus cum imparibus,

Liv. 6, 12, 8:

cum hoste manus,

id. 21, 39, 3:

consertis deinde manibus,

id. 1, 25, 5:

dextras,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 60:

pugnam,

Liv. 21, 50, 1; cf. id. 21, 8, 7; Tac. A. 2, 10:

pugnam inter se,

Liv. 32, 10, 8:

pugnam seni,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 43:

proelia,

Verg. A. 2, 398; Liv. 5, 36, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 12:

certamen,

Liv. 35, 4, 2:

bella,

Val. Fl. 3, 31:

bella bellis,

Luc. 2, 442:

acies,

Sil. 1, 339; cf.:

conserta acies,

hand-to-hand fighting, Tac. A. 6, 35.— Mid.:

navis conseritur,

enters the fight, Liv. 21, 50, 3:

duo acerrimā pugnā conserti exercitus,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 1.—Rarely absol.:

levis armatura ab lateribus cum levi armaturā,

Liv. 44, 4, 6.—

Trop.:

haud ignotas belli artes inter se conserebant,

Liv. 21, 1, 2.—

Transf., of judicial controversy: manum in jure or ex jure conserere, to make a joint seizure (this was done by the litigant parties laying hands at the same time upon the thing in dispute, each one claiming it as his own): si qui in jure manum conserunt, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 7: non ex jure manum consertum sed mage ferro rem repetunt, Enn. ib. § 4 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.); cf. also Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll., and Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2: ibi ego te ex jure manum consertum voco, etc., I summon you in an action for possession, etc., a judic. formula in Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41.—Hence, * con-sertē, adv., from consertus, a, um (acc. to I. A.), not used as P. a., as if bound or fastened together, in connection:

omnia necesse est conligatione naturali conserte contexteque fieri,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32.

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

super inferque vicinus,

Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

totus super ignis,

Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].

Adj.

In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

portae Phrygiae limen,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

di,

id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

Verg. A. 6, 788:

supera ad convexa,

to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

lumen,

Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

domus deorum,

Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

de supero, quom huc accesserit,

from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

ex supero,

Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —

In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

supera de parte,

i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

superas evadere ad auras,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

superum ad lumen ire,

id. ib. 6, 680:

aurae,

Ov. M. 5, 641:

orae,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

limen,

id. ib. 6, 680.—

Sŭpĕri, orum, m.

They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

multum fleti ad superos,

i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

epistula ad superos scripta,

i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—

(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

quae Superi Manesque dabant,

Verg. A. 10, 34:

aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

Ov. M. 13, 70:

o Superi!

id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

pro Superi,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

Verg. A. 1, 4:

illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

exemplo Superorum,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

Superorum,

id. P. 1, 1, 43:

postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

Verg. A. 3, 2:

scilicet is Superis labor est,

id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

flectere Superos,

Verg. A. 7, 312:

te per Superos... oro,

id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—

sŭpĕra, orum, n.

The heavenly bodies:

Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—

Higher places (sc. loca):

supera semper petunt,

tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.

Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.

Lit., of place, higher, upper:

inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

tota domus superior vacat,

the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

superior accumbere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

de loco superiore dicere,

i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

agere,

i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

ex loco superiore,

id. ib. 3, 4:

loca,

id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

qui in superiore acie constiterant,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

posteriori superius non jungitur,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

superiores solis defectiones,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

superioribus aestivis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

superioribus temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

tempus (opp. posterius),

id. Dom. 37, 99:

tempora (opp. inferiora),

Suet. Claud. 41:

annus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

anno superiore,

id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

superioris anni acta,

Suet. Caes. 23:

in superiore vita,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

superioris more crudelitatis uti,

Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

superius genus,

mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

nuptiae,

former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

vir,

first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—

Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

aetate superiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

superior Africanus,

the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

Dionysius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

Cic. Or. 34, 120.—

Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

numero superiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

id. ib. 8, 19:

se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

semper discessit superior,

Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

multo superiores bello esse,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

Liv. 5, 7, 1.—

Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.

With abl. respect.:

pecuniis superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

ordine,

id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

facilitate et humanitate superior,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

si superior ceteris rebus esses,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—

Absol.:

ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12:

cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

Vell. 2, 101, 1.

Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.

‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—

sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.

Lit. (only poet.; cf.

summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

montes,

Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

rupes,

Sen. Oedip. 95:

arx,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

supremae Tethyos unda,

Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).

In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

supremo te sole domi manebo,

at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526.—

In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

supremo vitae die,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

dies,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

hora,

Tib. 1, 1, 59:

tempus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

mors,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

finis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

iter,

id. C. 2, 17, 11:

lumen,

Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

ore,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

Verg. A. 8, 583:

Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

supremis suis annis,

in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

suprema ejus cura,

id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

funera,

Ov. M. 3, 137:

oscula,

id. ib. 6, 278:

tori,

i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

ignis,

id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

ignes,

id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

officia,

Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

tabulae,

Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

tituli,

i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

Troiae sorte suprema,

Verg. A. 5, 190:

dies regnis,

Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

anima exitura supremo,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.

sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

ventum ad supremum est,

Verg. A. 12, 803.—

suprēma, orum, n.

The last moments, the close of life, death:

ut me in supremis consolatus est!

Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

circa suprema Neronis,

the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—

The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

supremis divi Augusti,

Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

suprema ferre (sc. munera),

Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—

A last will, testament:

nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

Tac. A. 1, 8:

miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—

The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —

Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

macies,

Verg. A. 3, 590:

Juppiter supreme,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—

summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).

Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

summum jugum montis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

summus mons,

the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

feriunt summos fulmina montes,

the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

locus castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

in summa sacra via,

on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

in summa columna conlocare,

id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Janus summus ab imo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

ad aquam summam appropinquare,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

in aqua summa natare,

the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

apud summum puteum,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

per summa volare aequora,

Verg. A. 5, 819:

summa cacumina linquunt,

id. ib. 6, 678:

mari summo,

id. ib. 1, 110:

prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

id. ib. 6, 357:

summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

id. ib. 12, 434:

amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

summam cutem novacula decerpito,

Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

a summo dare (bibere),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—

summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

summa petere,

Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—

Transf., of the voice:

jubeo te salvere voce summa,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

vox (opp. ima),

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

summo haec clamore,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

bis, terve summum,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

triduo aut summum quatriduo,

id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

venit summa dies,

Verg. A. 2, 324:

ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

cum esset summa senectute,

id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

Luc. 2, 211:

summo carmine,

at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

Albin. 1, 137. —

Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

summi puerorum amores,

Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

spes civium,

id. ib. 3, 11:

fides, constantia justitiaque,

id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

id. ib. 6, 20:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

tres fratres summo loco nati,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

qui summo magistratui praeerat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

turpitudo,

id. Lael. 17, 61:

summum in cruciatum se venire,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

scelus,

Sall. C. 12, 5:

hiems,

the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

optimi et summi viri diligentia,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

summus Juppiter,

id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

miles summi inperatoris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

amicus summus,

the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

summa ducum Atrides,

the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

summo rei publicae tempore,

at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

summa salus rei publicae,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

res publica,

id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

ad summam rem publicam,

Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

quo res summa loco, Panthu?

the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

non agam summo jure tecum,

deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

quod me sollicitare summe solet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

cupere aliquid,

id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

contendere,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

diffidere,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

admirari,

Quint. 10, 1, 70:

summe jucundum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

officiosi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

summe disertus vir,

Quint. 12, 1, 23:

summe munitus locus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

mei summe observantissimus,

Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

super inferque vicinus,

Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

totus super ignis,

Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].

Adj.

In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

limen superum inferumque salve,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

portae Phrygiae limen,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

di,

id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

Verg. A. 6, 788:

supera ad convexa,

to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

lumen,

Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

domus deorum,

Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

de supero, quom huc accesserit,

from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

ex supero,

Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —

In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

supera de parte,

i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

superas evadere ad auras,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

superum ad lumen ire,

id. ib. 6, 680:

aurae,

Ov. M. 5, 641:

orae,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

limen,

id. ib. 6, 680.—

Sŭpĕri, orum, m.

They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

multum fleti ad superos,

i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

(Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

epistula ad superos scripta,

i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—

(Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

quae Superi Manesque dabant,

Verg. A. 10, 34:

aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

Ov. M. 13, 70:

o Superi!

id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

pro Superi,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

Verg. A. 1, 4:

illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

exemplo Superorum,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

Superorum,

id. P. 1, 1, 43:

postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

Verg. A. 3, 2:

scilicet is Superis labor est,

id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

superis deorum Gratus et imis,

id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

flectere Superos,

Verg. A. 7, 312:

te per Superos... oro,

id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—

sŭpĕra, orum, n.

The heavenly bodies:

Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—

Higher places (sc. loca):

supera semper petunt,

tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

(Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.

Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.

Lit., of place, higher, upper:

inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

tota domus superior vacat,

the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

superior accumbere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

de loco superiore dicere,

i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

agere,

i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

ex loco superiore,

id. ib. 3, 4:

loca,

id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

qui in superiore acie constiterant,

id. B. G. 1, 24:

ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

posteriori superius non jungitur,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

superiores solis defectiones,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

superioribus aestivis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

superioribus temporibus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

tempus (opp. posterius),

id. Dom. 37, 99:

tempora (opp. inferiora),

Suet. Claud. 41:

annus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

anno superiore,

id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

superioris anni acta,

Suet. Caes. 23:

in superiore vita,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

superioris more crudelitatis uti,

Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

superius genus,

mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

nuptiae,

former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

vir,

first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—

Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

aetate superiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

superior Africanus,

the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

Dionysius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

Cic. Or. 34, 120.—

Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

numero superiores,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

id. ib. 8, 19:

se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

semper discessit superior,

Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

multo superiores bello esse,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

Liv. 5, 7, 1.—

Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.

With abl. respect.:

pecuniis superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

ordine,

id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

facilitate et humanitate superior,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

si superior ceteris rebus esses,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—

Absol.:

ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12:

cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

Vell. 2, 101, 1.

Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.

‡ sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—

sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.

Lit. (only poet.; cf.

summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

montes,

Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

rupes,

Sen. Oedip. 95:

arx,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

supremae Tethyos unda,

Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—

Trop.

Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).

In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

supremo te sole domi manebo,

at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

Ov. M. 12, 526.—

In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

supremo vitae die,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

dies,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

hora,

Tib. 1, 1, 59:

tempus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

mors,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

finis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

iter,

id. C. 2, 17, 11:

lumen,

Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

ore,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

Verg. A. 8, 583:

Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

supremis suis annis,

in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

suprema ejus cura,

id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

funera,

Ov. M. 3, 137:

oscula,

id. ib. 6, 278:

tori,

i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

ignis,

id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

ignes,

id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

officia,

Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

tabulae,

Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

tituli,

i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

Troiae sorte suprema,

Verg. A. 5, 190:

dies regnis,

Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

anima exitura supremo,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.

sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

ventum ad supremum est,

Verg. A. 12, 803.—

suprēma, orum, n.

The last moments, the close of life, death:

ut me in supremis consolatus est!

Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

circa suprema Neronis,

the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—

The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

supremis divi Augusti,

Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

suprema ferre (sc. munera),

Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—

A last will, testament:

nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

Tac. A. 1, 8:

miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—

The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med. —

Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

macies,

Verg. A. 3, 590:

Juppiter supreme,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—

summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).

Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

summum jugum montis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

summus mons,

the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

feriunt summos fulmina montes,

the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

locus castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

in summa sacra via,

on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

in summa columna conlocare,

id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

Janus summus ab imo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

ad aquam summam appropinquare,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

in aqua summa natare,

the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

apud summum puteum,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

per summa volare aequora,

Verg. A. 5, 819:

summa cacumina linquunt,

id. ib. 6, 678:

mari summo,

id. ib. 1, 110:

prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

id. ib. 6, 357:

summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

id. ib. 12, 434:

amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

summam cutem novacula decerpito,

Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

a summo dare (bibere),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—

summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

summa petere,

Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—